Lyrics
The two verses of Vande Mataram adopted as the "National song" read as follows:
| Bengali script [2] | Bengali phonemic transcription | NLK transliteration[3][1] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Monday, 8 August 2011
National song lyrics
List of hill stations in India
Most of the hill stations in India are located in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir in the Himalayas. Some of the hill stations in India are listed below by state.
The hill stations are high-altitude town, used especially by European colonialists, as a place of refuge from the summer heat. They are prevalent in Southeast Asian and South Asian countries, particularly India and Pakistan.
History
The British Raj, and in particular the British Indian Army, founded perhaps 50 of the 80-odd hill stations in the Indian subcontinent; the remainder were built by various Indian rulers over the centuries as places of leisure or even as permanent capitals.
Purpose
Several hill stations served as summer capitals of Indian provinces, princely states, or, in the case of Simla, of British India itself. Since Indian Independence, the role of these hill stations as summer capitals has largely ended, but many hill stations remain popular summer resorts.
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Gujarat
Himachal Pradesh
- Chail
- Dalhousie
- Dharamsala
- Kasauli
- Kullu
- Manali
- Shimla
- Barog
- Kiarighat
- Solan
- Dagshai
- Mashobra
- Kufri
- Kangra
- Khajjiar
- Lahaul and Spiti
- Nalagarh
- Palampur
- Renuka
- Haripurdhar
Jammu and Kashmir
PoK
Jharkhand
Karnataka
- Agumbe, Shimoga District
- Baba Budangiri, Chikkamagaluru District
- Biligiriranga Hills, Chamarajanagar District
- Dandeli, Uttara Kannada District
- Horanadu, Chikkamagaluru District
- Hosanagara, Shimoga District
- Kemmangundi, Chikkamagaluru District
- Kudremukh, Chikkamagaluru District
- Koppa, Chikkamagaluru District
- Madikeri, Kodagu District
- MM Hills, Chamarajanagar District
- Mudigere, Chikkamagaluru District
- Mullayanagiri, Chikkamagaluru District
- Nandi Hills, Chikkaballapur district
- Chikkamagaluru, Chikkamagaluru District
- Sagar, Shimoga District
- Sakleshpur, Hassan District
- Sirsi, Karnataka, Uttara Kannada District
- Siddapura, Uttara Kannada
- Somwarpet, Kodagu District
- Sringeri, Chikkamagaluru District
- Talakaveri, Kodagu District
- Theerthahalli, Shimoga District
- Virajpet, Kodagu District
- Yana, Uttara Kannada District
- Yellapura, Uttara Kannada District
Kerala
- Charalkunnu, near Kozhencherry in Pathanamthitta District
- Devikulam, Idukki District
- Kalpetta, Wayanad District
- Kottancheri Hills, Kasaragod District
- Kumily, Idukki District
- Mananthavady, Wayanad District
- Munnar, Idukki District
- Nelliampathi, Palakkad District
- Peermade, Idukki District
- Ponmudi, Thiruvananthapuram District
- Ranipuram, Kasaragod District
- Sulthan Bathery, Wayanad District
- Thusharagiri, Kozhikode District
- Vellarimala, near Thiruvambady in Kozhikode District
- Vythiri, Wayanad District
- Wagamon, Idukki District
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
- Amboli, Sindhudurg district
- Chikhaldara
- Igatpuri
- Karjat
- Khandala
- Lonavala
- Mahabaleshwar
- Matheran
- Panchgani
- Panhala
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Orissa
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Ketti Valley, Udagamangalam
- Coonoor
- Javadi Hills
- Kodaikanal
- Udagamandalam (Ooty)
- Valparai
- Meghamalai
- Yelagiri
- Yercaud
- Doddabetta
- Kolli Hills
- Sirumalai
UttaraKhand
- Almora
- Askot
- Auli
- Badrinath
- Bageshwar
- Berinag
- Bhimtal
- Binsar
- Chamoli
- Champawat
- Chaukori
- Chopta
- Didihat
- Gangolihat
- Garhwal
- Joshimath
- Kasauni
- Kedarnath
- Landour
- Lansdowne
- Lohaghat
- Mukteshwar
- Munsiyari
- Mussoorie
- Nainital
- Nanda Devi
- Naukuchiatal
- Pauri
- Pithoragarh
- Tarkeshwar Mahadev
- Ranikhet
- Rishikesh
- Rudrapryag
- Uttarkashi
- Marchula
- Joshimath
- Ranikhet
- Valley of flowers
- Dhanaulti
- kanatal
West Bengal
source: wikipediaNational anthem lyrics
The text, though Bengali, is highly sanskritized (it is written in a literary register called Sadhu bhasa). As quasi-Sanskrit text, it is acceptable in many modern Indic languages, but the pronunciation varies considerably across India. This is primarily because most Indic languages are abugidas in that certain unmarked consonants are assumed to have an inherent vowel, but conventions for this differ among the languages of India. The transcription below reflects the Bengali pronunciation, in both the Bengali script and romanization.
| Bengali script | Bengali phonemic transcription | NLK transliteration |
|---|---|---|
|
| Jana gaṇa mana adhināyaka jaya he
|
English: Jana Gana Mana (for Piano)
| Jôno Gôno Mono | |
Sheet music for Jana Gana Mana. | |
| National anthem of  India | |
| Lyrics | Rabindranath Tagore |
|---|---|
| Music | Rabindranath Tagore |
| Adopted | 1950
|
States and Union Territories:
States:
Union Territories:
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Chandigarh
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli
- Daman and Diu
- Lakshadweep
- National Capital Territory of Delhi
- Puducherry
source:wikipedia
National Symbols of India
| Flag | Tricolour | |
| Emblem | Sarnath Lion Capital | |
| Anthem | Jana Gana Mana | |
| Song | Vande Mataram | |
| Animal | Royal Bengal Tiger | |
| Bird | Indian Peacock | |
| Aquatic animal | Dolphin |
|
| Flower | Lotus | |
| Tree | Banyan | |
| Fruit | Mango | |
| Game | Field hockey | |
| Calendar | Saka | |
| River | Ganges
|
Colonial Era:Architecture of India
Colonial Era (1857 CE—1947 CE)
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (completed 1897), formerly Victoria Terminus.
Further information: Indo-Saracenic
European colonialism bought with it a wide array of influences to further shape Indian architecture. Imperial power was stressed by using grand buildings. Local craftsmen incorporated new skills and added them to their trade. Colonial architecture became assimilated into India's diverse traditions. Other innovations made during the European Industrial Revolution came with the British Raj to India.
The European involvement in India through the 1920s and the 1930s brought architect Le Corbusier and the Art Deco movement to India. Fusion has been a consistent feature of modern Indian architecture—for example Indian elements of chhajja (wide roof overhangs), jaali (circular stone apertures) and chhatri (free-standing pavilions) were intermixed with European architecture during the construction of the Rastrapati bhavan.[33] This neoclassical project—which also contained a stupa like dome—was overseen by Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens and the Indian Institute of Architects (est. 1917).
source:wikipedia
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